Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Moscow, 1954

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of Ministers of USSR. Moscow, 1973

"Izvestiya" newspaper, September 21, 1944

1937

Väinö Alasmaa was the commander of the legendary Vyborg machine gun company of the Olonets expedition

A private soldier who has done his duty is not responsible for the outcome of the war

1953

1950. Isskustvo state publishing house

1949

Soviet propaganda poster

1917

Soviet propaganda poster

Finnish trading and cargo vessels, both with and without cargoes shall be entitled freely to navigate the Neva from Lake Ladoga to the Gulf of Finland and in the opposite direction, on the same conditions as Russian vessels, subject to the provisions laid down in the present Convention

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of People Commissars of USSR. Leningrad, 1940

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of People Commissars of USSR. Leningrad, 1940

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of People Commissars of USSR. Leningrad, 1940

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. Moscow, 1954

This provision shall not, however, apply to military or similar forces

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of People Commissars of USSR. Moscow, 1939

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of Ministers of USSR. Moscow, 1965

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of Ministers of USSR. Moscow, 1981

State cartography and geodesy publishing House of the Institute of geodesy and crtography. Leningrad. 1930

Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic

The growing urban Finnish-speaking colony consisted then of two or three thousand emigrants and defectors, including women and infants, but, regardless of their small number, this small group played a significant role in the city life and the life of the “republic”

In 1900, the painting was exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris

Cartographic institution of A.Ilyin, 1880

”Detailed Atlas of the Russian Empire”. Saint Petersburg, 1860

The title "Prince of Karelia" was added to the full title of Russian emperors after the Peace Treaty of Nystad

Sleeping car from Sortavala to Äänislinna

We have asked the Sortavala stationmaster to provide detailed timetable information

In addition, a new connection from Äänislinna via Joensuu to Pieksämäki has been organised to relieve the overcrowded Helsinki – Äänislinna express train

Direct train connection Helsinki – Äänislinna

Schedule is valid from May 31, 1942

The first express train arrives at Äänislinna

We are forced to abandon our positions

"The cause of Karelia is worth my life"

Schedule is valid from March 15, 1944

Schedule is valid from March 15, 1944

An express train between Helsinki and Äänislinna will operate from May, 1

I hope that this act of mine will help atone for the mistakes Finland has made regarding Karelia and will inspire the people of Karelia in the future

1942

1943

Placement of some troops in Äänislinna

The military administration of East Karelia has recently made a general change of street names in the Äänislinnana

Report of the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars and People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs comrade V.M.Molotov at a meeting of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on August 1, 1940

The Monument to the Heroes was unveiled in Kuortane on August 14, 1921

According to the peace treaty between Soviet Russia and Finland, the Rebolskaya Volost became part of the Karelian Working Commune

Caricature

The meeting of representatives from the volosts of White Sea Karelia

Guide to northern Russia, Saint Petersburg, 1899

Helsinki, 1920

Europe in 1914

New York, 1961

The chains have fallen, the night is replaced by a bright day

For faith, Fatherland and most precious freedom

On the rear side of the memorial are also carved the names of two fallen in the Olonets expedition

1950

On August 9, two delegations from Northern Olonets, elected at meetings of the Olonets Karelians held earlier in the month in Reboly and Lendery, arrived in Helsinki

In March 1940, the monument was evacuated behind the new border line

The grave of Iivana Rokatshu, the commander of the Forest Guerrillas in the White Sea Karelia, is located in the old Karelian village of Tiksha

The Declaration comes into effect from the day of its adoption

Citizenship of the Karelian ASSR is established on the territory of the Karelian ASSR

The monument of Heroes was unveiled in Nurmo on 20 August 1921

The graves the greatest Rune Singer of White Sea Karelia Arhippa Perttunen and his son Rune Singer Miihkali Perttunen are located in Kalmosaari, in the old graveyard of the abandoned Ladvozero Village

After confirming with the police chief that the Bolshevik government’s laws on freedom of assembly and speech and the declaration of the right to self-determination were still in effect, the meeting began

It is time for the people of Karelia to wake up, for the guys of White Sea and Olonets to rise up

The time has come now for the men of Reboly and Porosozero to free themselves from the life of a slave

Our dearest wish is that the Allies will not support the old regime in preventing Karelia from seizing this opportunity of setting her house in order

The Allied Command does not support any proposals for separation from Russia

We all desire, from the bottom of our hearts for the British Government to take us under their protection, giving us the right to govern Karelia as we desire

If we manage to make the right choice, it will bring blessings and happiness for us and future generations, but if we choose wrongly, it will lead to a curse and the disappearance of our people

Act secretly against the Ruskies in every way you can

United with Finland, White Sea and Olonets regions are entering the period of revival and unprecedented prosperity

Let's join our forces to put a swift end to the Red executioners

If the lying gang of Mr. Kuusinen wins, neither hunger, nor forced labour and deportations will never end in Karelia and Ingria, but they will start in Finland as well

You can do great things in the Ruskies' rear

Gather your courage and help us behind the front line!

Notification from the Plenipotentiary Representation of the USSR in Finland

Therefore, return to your native homes calmly, without fear

Last June, news came in that soviet authorities started again to deport Finnish population of Ingria from their home lands in large quantities

On 15 August 1943, the second anniversary of the liberation of Sortavala, a ceremony to unveil a memorial stone to Henrik Renqvist was held in the courtyard of the house of the chaplain of Sortavala rural parish

"Eternal glory to the warriors who fell for Motherland"

He was one of Finland's first lithographers

Post Stamp of the USSR

Late 1920's

Soviet propaganda poster

Monument to the Capture of Äänislinna

Monument to the Heroes in Hiitola

One could easily guess who the winner will be in this battle between the two nationalities while the handful of Karelians compete against the endless Russian hordes

The Korels, heterogeneous of the Finnish tribe, live on a comparatively vast territory, which streches from the Finnish border to lake Onego and from Lake Ladoga almost to the Arctic Ocean. They are natives of this region: but in the 13th century this region was invaded by the Slavs from Novgorod, first there were just small attacks at the Korelian settlements and then they settled in Korelia forever…

Photos

His works are photographically accurate pictures of buildings and landscapes

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda caricature

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda caricature and leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda materials

Soviet propaganda leaflet

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Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda caricature

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Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda playing cards

Soviet propaganda leaflet

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Soviet propaganda postcard

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Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

Soviet propaganda leaflet

1940

Photos

A postage stamp, postal envelope, match labels and other anniversary products were issued for the holiday

The small atlas of the USSR, 1939

Soviet Great World Atlas, vol II, 1939

Administrative-territorial division of the Karelian ASSR of RSFSR

Later, Ivan Bilibin used collected materials in his illustration work

Partnership I.N.Kushnerev and Co, Moscow, 1896

1865–1880. Edited by Ivan Strelbitsky

The names of 56 fallen heroes are engraved on the base of the monument, of which four died in Olonets Karelia

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

Soviet propaganda poster

I lead the Finnish people's army of free men, in whose ranks peasants, workers and civil servants fight side by side, to bring you national freedom

Raise your trampled by Ruskies dreams about the freedom of White Sea Karelia and the common destiny with Finland

“Future generations, respect the work of the fathers, keep the memory of the heroes sacred”

The cross of White wall of Ingria was instituted by the North Ingria Committee on November 16, 1919

We warmly greet the reunification of the Finnish and Karelian people

Long live the Red Army-liberator, the army of heroic deeds!

The USSR has the right to have a maximum of fifteen thousand ground and aerial forces in the territory leased from Finland in Hanko Peninsula and its nearby islands

The boundary stone number 355

The central theme of Valdemar Pyysiäinen's art was the memories of his former life in the ceded Karelia

A monument was erected in Voinitsa Village in memory of White Sea Karelia rune-singers

According to legend, Elias Lönnrot wrote down runes from Arhippa Perttunen in 1834 exactly at this place

The monument of Miihkali Perttunen, also called the Northern Homer, was erected in Voknavolok Village on September 1, 1991

Presso la Calcografia Camerale, Roma, 1796

1st State Cartographic institution (former of A.Ilyin), Petrograd, 1918

Saint Petersburg, 1908

The tombstone of Lieutenant Gustav Adolf Sandström-Sammatti, who fell in Eastern Karelia, was unveiled near the Espoo Church on November 3, 1935

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Heinrich Berghaus, 1847

Justus Perthes, 1847

Gustaf Kombst, 1846

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The order is the highest decoration by Republic of Karelia

1779

Photos

Only provocative white Finnish espionage in Karelia could give the Finnish government materials about illegal arrests and even about executions of refugees

The Karelian people demand from the Soviet government and the Russian delegation at the Peace Conference in Tartu not cede the Soviet Karelia to the exploitation and plunder of Finnish capitalism, strongly insist on the return of the Rebolskaya and Porosozerskaya volosts to the Karelian Soviet lands, also Pechenga should not be ceded to Finland

Adoption of the Finnish language as the state languages of the KASSR is a clear proof of the enemy work of the counter-revolutionary Trotsky-Bukharin and bourgeois-nationalist elements, which infiltrated to the leadership of the party and Soviet bodies of the KASSR

In connection with the speech yesterday in Moscow by Soviet Commissar for Foreign Affairs Molotov, the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland gives the following statement

With a view to developing of economic life of the Karelian Labor Commune, the Council of People's Commissars decided

Ludic Karelian national flag was designed by Miikul Pahomov at 1995

“The people, seeing your heroic deed, will never become a slave”

October 9, 1941

”Eternal gratitude and peace to the heroes, who fell for freedom. People can't forget you!”

Mid 1930's

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We hoped in vain that white Finland, at least initially, orserve the peace treaty which was in force for less than a year

The monument contains the names of one local native who fell in the Olonets Karelia and five local natives who fell in Estonia

It's time to hear the will of the Karelian people from the true Karelia, and not from a handful of refugees

By the actions of Soviet Russia, from the Karelian areas of the Olonets and Arkhangelsk provinces was formed new regional association – Karelian Labor Commune

We will not exchange the Soviet labor order for the White capitalist order either from Finland or from any other capitalist country

The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area

The Karelian Congress believes that the red banner of the Soviets will rise over Finland soon, as a result of the joint struggle of the Finnish, Russian and Karelian working people, and working Finland will be as free as the Karelian people are free in the Soviet Russia

The Sumsko-Posadskaya, Nyukhotskaya, Lapinskaya, Nadvoinitskaya and Kolezhemskaya volosts of the Onega uezd of the Arkhangelsk Gubernia shall be joined to the Kemsky uezd of the Karelian Labor Commune

Transferring of uezds to be completed by October 1, 1922 in the manner, established by the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs

Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the Karelian Republic, in the connection of the creation of the Autonomous Karelian Soviet Socialist Republic, decrees

In 2007 installation of the new place identification signs has begun in the territory of Olonets and White Sea Karelia

Finnish coastal fortifications in Churnavolok Cape are located about 5 kilometers North of the Sheltozero Village

The 4th Motorized Heavy Battery of the 4th Coastal Artillery Regiment was equipped with four 122-mm guns

1925

Schematic map

For the controlled territories of East Karelia, the Military Administration of East Karelia was established, which also had its own postal administration

Meg Island became the easternmost outpost of the Finnish army

Signed at Moscow on March 21, 1922

Ministry of Social Affairs of the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic

Combat assignment: disperse all detachments of White bandits, encountered along the way; detain for questioning one of detachments and, if you will get information about existing of any White authorities, eliminate it

Published with funds of Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich

For the Red Front

Early 1810's

1889

”You have received three million cartridges and the stocks at Vidlitsa, you must exercise the greatest economy of cartridges”

The Government of Soviet Russia gives the Commune a promise that it will in every possible support and defend it in its work, recognizing it as an indivisible important step in the great task of organizing the World Soviet system

July 9, 1924

At October 2019, both graves, as well as the common grave of Soviet soldiers, fallen in the Second World War, were merged into a united memorial complex

From the moment the Revolutionary Committee was organized, all power on the grounds passed into its hands, and the local Executive Committees were disbanded

To grant amnesty to all persons who fled in connection to the Karelian adventure of 1921-1922 to the territory of Finland, with the exception of leaders and those who, being outside the Karelian Labor Commune, continued their actively hostile activities against the RSFSR

It is known that Honkanen was trained in intelligence in Ahtiala, Lahti, in February 1941, but he probably served in the General Staff's reconnaissance duties even before the Winter War

The Russian Government will consider themselves entitled to suppose that Finnish military operations against RSFSR started

Recently the majority of parents of pupils of the indigenous nationality of the Republic have rightly asked the question of stopping the studying of the Finnish language in schools

Concerns: the treatment of prisoners of war and conduct in occupied territories

As a signal that all the aforesaid actions have been or are being realizing and that the Russian Fleet and coastal fortresses intend to be complete neutrality, all Russian warships and coastal fortresses raise a white-red flag in a good visible place after approaching of the German military forces

Welcome the formation of a special national military unit in the AKSSR

The Russian Federation shall lease to the Republic of Finland, for a period of 50 years, part of the territory of the Russian Federation, including the Russian part of the Saimaa Canal and the adjacent waters and land

The Soviet Government could make certain territorial concessions to Finland with a view to assuaging it and conclude a new peace treaty with it

Thousands have fallen for the freedom of Soviet Karelia, and hundreds of them were Finns

The two Contracting Parties undertake to complete, as early as possible, the evacuation, which has already been commenced, of Russian nationals resident in Finland and of Finnish nationals resident in Russia

History of Common grave in the center of Petrozavodsk dates back to June 2, 1919, when three communists who died on the frontline were buried here

The mutilated remains of Pekka Davydov were found and it immediately became clear that an act of cannibalism had been committed

Pekka Davidov's great-grandson

Monument to the Fallen in the Finnish War of Independence was unveiled near the Nivala Church on June 17, 1921

Terrible fate of Petri Davydov

”These devils eat people, maybe still alive!”

Likewise, the villagers have confirmed that such cannibalism has taken place

Cannibal’s meal

”We also killed a couple of butchers and, in addition, ate butcher’s meat, which was ordinary meat, but don’t need to tell everyone about it”

Captured soldier was eaten

Group attacks the Polovina Village on June 13, 1919

A graduate of the Lyceum V.Sevelius from Helsinki, who has attracted attention in recent years as a talented athlete, a few days ago fell on the Olonets front

”Through our memories of suffering, through our dearest graves, let the land of our fathers be free”

At the end of summer 1942, in Repola was erected a temporary monument at the site of the death of Bobi Sivén

According to information received here last night, Licentiate of Medicine Wilfrid Eugen Brotherus has fallen on the northern front in the Olonets Karelia

Dr. Brotherus fell on the 13th of this month in the battle of Polovina Village

A participant of Olonets expedition, a native of Luopioinen, returns home

Horrific depictions from Karelia

On September 19, 1937, at the Orthodox Cemetery of Liusvaara Village was unveiled a monument at the grave of four heroes of freedom who fell in the battle in Porosozero Village during the East Karelian Uprising in 1921

In view of the overwhelming superiority of the enemy, ours were forced to retreat in the northern direction

All territory of the former village as well village cemetery were overgrown with forest

The real security of Olonets Karelia and full conditions for social, national and cultural life there can only be achieved if the areas of Olonets Karelia, as far as its were liberated, will be joined to Finland

”For the homeland, for the lands of Satakunta, for whole Finland”

In the Council office in Vidlitsa Village on May 6, 1919

Department of Internal Affairs of the Olonets Temporary Organizational Council

Following telegram has been received by State Regent from Pryazha Village, Olonets Karelia

Adventures of a 14-year-old teenager in Olonets Karelia, Petrograd and the Karelian Isthmus

I ask that the newspapers that have published mentioned news also publish this explanation in good faith

The issue of the news that appeared in a certain Finnish Suunta -newspaper, which claimed that on the initiative of the Head of War Department Colonel Renvald the Karelian troops with Russian command should be formed

The representative of our Minister of War in the Olonets Karelia, Commandant of Helsinki, Colonel Renvald, issued a proposal to adopt Russian as the command language of own volunteer forces in the Olonets Karelia and use Russians as officers

We have been informed that the following persons have fallen in the Olonets Karelia on the Northern front and buried there

Monument to the Heroes of the War of Independence was unveiled in Seinäjoki in the Törnävä Cemetery on July 31, 1921

I am convinced that once again a new tomorrow will come for the unfortunate people of the Eastern Karelia, when stronger bridges will unite their with our people

The fate of monument is unknown since the end of the Continuation War

On the fourth side engraved the names of three fallen in 1919 in the Olonets Karelia

In Vidany Village located grave of Chairman of Rural Council, executed by White Finns in 1919

The glorious memory of young freedom fighter!

”You brought a message of freedom to your country and your tribe at the cost of your own life”

”So ’twas with them, and so they all bled; But how glorious in their life they lived, and in their death how great!”

The inscriptions on the monument says: ”To the heroes of freedom”, ”1918” and ”Expensive, oh so expensive is the price of freedom”

Symbol of the 4th Detached Battalion on ribbon means that this person participated in long-range reconnaissance operations

Those times are far away, but its will never be forgotten – this is a part of the history of independent Finland

The badge was entitled to those who took part in the liberation struggles in Ingria between 1919 and 1920, or otherwise assisted the liberation movement

Together we will banish the enemies out from our homes

The burning of the bridge was a significant achievement for the guerrillas

Postcard

Liitto -newspaper reports that the most of the departed were students, among others 15 boys from Oulu Finnish Lyceum

Greeting to the White Guardsmen from the residents of the vicinity of the Sjamozero Lake

In 1851, Russian ethnographer of German ancestry, Academician Peter von Köppen published the first ethnographic map of European part of Russia

Monument to the Fallen in the Finnish War of Independence and in the Kinship Wars was unveiled in Hämeenlinna on April 26, 1929

Pekka Halonen was a proponent of Finnish national romantic style and a prominent member of the karelianism movement

Monument was erected in 1968

Monument to the Fallen in the Finnish War of Independence and in the Olonets Expedition was unveiled in Liminka on September 18, 1921

Forward, brave sons of Inkeri – Finland and the whole white world are behind you

Rest in peace, hero

Prepared by the data from the NKVD at December 10, 1920

I am extremely surprised that Vänrikki Kallio, as an officer, descends to defend such 11-man gang, founded in the battalion

The aforementioned soldiers were the most valiant and lively soldiers of my company and usually carried out their duties without barking

Late 1780s

Photos

From there it was possible to block the approaches to the city from the Onego Lake side

A little clarity on this matter

Who is responsible for the fate of Ervasti and Saarenpuu, shot in the Olonets Karelia?

Man does not think about his happiness when he leaves home on his own whim, despite the prohibition of his father and mother; but now it is too late to repent

He has got a bullet in his leg and is being treated now at hospital in Vidlitsa

Today in Lahti these Companies, as well as the Company formed in Eastern Tavastia and the city of Lahti, are being organized into Tavastia Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Voldi Visa

Saint Petersburg, 1792

Your final defeat is a matter of the coming weeks. It's a matter of time, distance, not power

This mandatory decree shall enter into force as of the time of its publication

Cartographic institution of D.Rudnev. Saint Petersburg, 1913

1892

”Detailed Atlas of the Russian Empire”. Saint Petersburg, 1860

Geographical and Statistical Atlas of Russia, 1907

Juho Honkanen was left fallen on the battlefield…

In order to accomplish this We have under Our Own Supreme Hand sanctioned the hereby proclaimed Fundamental Rules to be complied with regarding formulation, examination and promulgation of laws, which are passed for the Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland therein included

We expect from all an exact execution of our will

We sincerely hope that these measures granted by Us, which spring from Our care for Finland’s well-being, will strengthen the bonds which unite the Finnish people to their ruler

Junior Sergeant Juho Honkanen fell in a fire contact in the village

Ministry of the Means of Communication of USSR, 1952

1924

Cartographic institution of A.Ilyin, 1915

On March 21, 1920 the Governing Council of North Ingria, in accordance with the proposal of Colonel Yrjö Elfvengren, issued original post stamps

The stamps are former post stamps of North Ingria with the additional overprinting “To help Ingria”

Its subjects are taken from the lives of the people

With the passage of time those post stamps will have a great historical value

Own post stamps of Karelia are already ready

In November 1921, the Karelian United Government decided to issue its own post stamps

Run faster and more efficiently

The post stamps were valid in the Olonets Karelia and were also used for the postal items addressed to Finland

The stamps will be issued as soon as possible

It is vital that the full independence of Finland be realised without delay and that its government manage to establish direct relations with foreign states

Proximity of the words taken into account

The Coat of Arms of the Karelian-Finnish SSR was always the first

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of USSR main building was built between 1948 and 1953

Among the sixteen Coat of Arms of the Soviet Republics, there also presents the Coat of Arms of the Karelian-Finnish SSR

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For the first time in its history, this magnificent former capital of Russia has fallen

1927

The march was made for the first military unit of independent Finland – a Jäger Battalion

We got information that Jussi's fell six months after his visit to Riihimäki, at the first autumn of the Continuation War

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This was the one and only political murder in the history of independent Finland

However, a miracle happened

Elias Simojoki was a warrior, a fighter not only on the battlefields, but also in peace works, he fought for the causes he thought were right

In the spring of 1919, lot of youths who did not take part in the Finnish War of Independence due to age limits, got a chance to take part in the Olonets expedition

His body was left in the hands of the Reds

Quote from Uuno Kailas's autobiographical short story

Our readers still remember the disappearance of Viljo Heinonen, a Lyceum student from Turku, who was on the Olonets front, and his “resurrection” after two years of being unknown

The young freedom fighter was completely innocent of the crime, for which he was executed by Tavastians

In the Oulujoki Cemetery located a memorial stone with the names of four warriors

Yrjö Saarenpuu was 18 years and 1 month old when he died

Why do the plutocrats and their minions hide the contents of this important Treaty from our people?

This day became an unforgettable stage in the struggle for the freedom of Ingria

”Turn to the side of People's Government, leading by Kuusinen! Join the People's Army of the Finnish Democratic Republic!”

Member badge and badge for the 20th anniversary of Kinship Wars

Presumed dead resident of Turku – prisoner in Bavaria

Kuopio, Finland

Near the Olonets city sports field located a mass grave from 1919

A serio-comic map of Europe

Among others, the name of the Juho Honkanen can be read on the monument

The Third Congress of Soviets welcomes the policy of the Council of People’s Commissars in proclaiming the complete independence of Finland

Repola will not submit to Russian rule

Let us continue our energetic cooperation in the liberation of the white Olonets

The white Olonets has risen

Mass grave of Red border guards

In May 1919 Urho Kekkonen organized in Kajaani the recruitment volunteers to the Olonets Volunteer Army

“In a number of cases the oppressed nationalities inhabiting the border regions have compatriots across the border, who enjoy greater national independence (suffice it to mention the Finns, the Swedes, the Poles, the Ukrainians and the Rumanians along the western and southern frontiers of the state)“

”Send warm greetings to the great leader of the proletariat – comrade Lenin from the uncultured, uneducated and unenlightened – the dark people of Karelia.”

Extracts from the Report of comrade Trotsky to the Ninth Congress of Soviets, December 27, 1921

”Here lay the participants of the defense of Vidlitsa and the comrades, executed by White Finns in April-May 1919”

On June 27, 2019, in the Vidlitsa village was consecrated a Bowing cross on the site where was St. George Church

Early this morning a detachment of White Finns, of unknown numbers, suddenly crossed the border

The right of the peoples of Russia to free self-determination, even to the point of separation and the formation of an independent state

”At this place on June 27, 1919 a force of sailors and Red Guards troops was landed and defeated the main forces of the White Finnish interventionists”

And if you should need our help, you will have it – we shall extend you a fraternal hand

Adopt the draft of changing the border between the RSFSR and the Karelian-Finnish SSR

To approve the reqwests of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Supreme Soviet of the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic on determining the border between RSFSR and KFSSR

We are now ’conquering’ Finland – this is using a nasty word – but not the way the robber barons of international capitalism conquered it

Honkanen Juho

On May 26, 1991 the memorial to Vehniäinen long-range reconnaissance patrol of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief's Headquarters was unveiled in the courtyard of the former Priest High House in the Rautjärvi

The badge of the Marttina long-range reconnaissance patrol became the common symbol of the entire reconnaissance battalion

Memorial to the 4th Detached Long-Range Reconnaissance Battalion of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief's Headquarters was unveiled on September 1, 1991 in a closed military area in Utti, Kouvola

May 1922

If they should want us to withdraw our troops from Finland, well and good-let them take revolutionary Finland

1859

Petrozavodsk. Central Park of Culture and Leisure

Speech Delivered in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee

As a result of the shootout, the Chairman of the 3rd Local Control Border Commission comrade Lavrov was killed

”Glory to the volunteers, who, motivated by their convictions, boldly followed the flag of liberation”

The tomb of the former Chairman of the Olonets Temporary Government

Petrozavodsk broadcasting station was erected by the Russian State Broadcaster in the neighbourhood of the Finnish frontier for propaganda purposes

The Commissariat of Foreign Affairs has received numerous reports of unheard atrocities committed by the Russian and Finnish White Guard bands which have invaded the territory of Russia from Finland and which, according to reliable information, include also detachments of Finnish regular troops

I very well recall the scene when, at Smolny, I handed the act to Svinhufvud which in Russian means “pighead” – the representative of the Finnish bourgeoisie, who played the part of a hangman

The attack on Kem did not remain in Finnish military history as a model of strategic or tactical planning

We hope that these actions of the Whites made the Reds no longer want to make robbery trips to the Finnish side of the border

In Finland the notorious ”Association for Peace and Friendship With the Soviet Union” actively cooperated with the Petrozavodsk broadcasting station, attempting to bring about disintegration of this country and at the same time carried on activities of a marked anti-German nature

The present law does not affect matters of foreign policy, military legislation or military control

The Kem Soviet can't defend itself on its own

The Finnish White Guards simultaneously advancing to Rugozero Village and Porosozero Village

On April 7, continuous clashes against the Finnish White Guards, led by the Germans, took place near the Kem Station

Finnish White Guard force advances on Kem, thus invading the borders of the Russian Republic

The Finnish White Guards intend to cut off the central and north parts of the railway

The city of Olonets was for second time captured by the Soviet troops

Comrade Stalin, who returned from the Petrograd Front a few days ago, gave our correspondent his impressions of the situation at the front

According to information received today, the enemy still holds Vidlitsa

Protected by their cannon fire and supported by machine guns, enemy troops landed near the mouth of the Vidlitsa River

Bronze bust, erected in front of the factory office building, was created in 1878 by one of most famous Finnish sculptors Johannes Takanen

The white Olonets is cleared of the chains of the red oppressors

The white Olonets sincerely thanks in Your person our friends in Tampere

Olonets representatives appealing to the government of Finland, the closest brethren nation, for help in order to complete the ongoing struggle against Bolshevism

The White Olonets sends his sincere thanks for your highly valued help

From the current time and until further notice in Olonets is prohibited all trading of farmland, as well as timberland and rapids

The monument to the heroes of 1918 was unveiled at the new cemetery in Uuksu on August 19, 1934

On July 7, 1929, at the Lutheran cemetery of Salmi, on the grave of 34 fallen in the Olonets expedition, was unveiled a monument created by sculptor Alpo Sailo

On June 27, 1919 happen so-called ”Vidlitsa disaster”

The white Olonets has risen and shook the red oppression from own shoulders

Deputies of brotherly to us people, do not reject our meek request from your relatives on the other side of the border

Beryozova Gora Village

Estonia, Olonets, Karelia, White Sea region, it is one huge Finnish reign

Around fifty people from Turku went to the Olonets expedition

Åland Islands shall not be fortified, and that no military or naval establishments whatsoever shall be maintained or created there

The freedom of Finland will triumph because without it the freedom of Russia is inconceivable

Published by Union of Nationalities, Lausanne, 1918

1920

On June 13, 1919 five young men from Kouvola fallen in the hard battle of Polovina Village, near Petrozavodsk

The Olonets Temporary Government, formed at this difficult moment, is therefore appealing to the friendly people of Finland, through its elected government, to extend a helping hand to their brothers, who are dying from Bolshevism

”For the Fatherland and the Nation they gived their lives”

Following the liberation of the Olonets State from bolshevism, the Olonets Temporary Government will transfer its mandate to the new Olonets Government, which will be elected by universal popular vote and, in turn, will act leading the Karelian people to a free and happy life

There was no other reasons for banish except that all these families were considered ”kulaks”

On April 11, 1931 the Headquarters of Isthmus Border Guard transferred from the Kuokkala Border Guard Post to sub-branch for questioning and further actions detained at the same day in the Kuokkala Ingrian Finns

The fate of the monument is unknown since the Winter War

It was transferred from the annexed territories and converted into Soviet monument

"Eternal glory to the warriors who fell for Motherland"

Hoilola, Tuupovaara, Finland

1935

First mention of Ilmee belongs to the 1546

Don’t be afraid because the hour of freedom of Karelia has come

The project was not implemented due to lack of funding

Originals

After World War II there housed various Soviet institutions, including the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the Karelian-Finnish SSR

Grand Duchy of Finland was excluded from the census, Helsingfors only was included

This wooden jugendstil building, unfortunately, has not survived to our days

Building of teacher's seminary

1940. Soviet propaganda poster

The most of the territory of Korpiselkä Commune was moved to Soviet Union

July 15, 1942

Enough blood has already been shed. Let the Finns, both the peasants and the workers, decide their own destiny!

The part of the territory of Rautjärvi Commune was moved to Soviet Union

The Karelian people will help the Finnish people to build a joyful and happy life

The freer Russia is, and the more resolutely our republic recognises the right of non-Great-Russian nations to secede, the more strongly will other nations be attracted towards an alliance with us, the less friction will there be, the more rarely will actual secession occur, the shorter the period of secession will last…

Provisional Government cannot recognize the right of the Finnish Sejm to predetermine of its own accord the will of the forthcoming Russian Constituent Assembly and abolish the authority of the Russian Government in matters of Finnish legislation and government

Helsinki, December 17, 1944

According to the desire expressed by the government of the Democratic Republic of Finland, from December 8th of this year the coast of Finland and the waters adjoining to it are blocked

Our troops today with the support by our Ladoga flotilla captured by the unexpected attack Vidlitsa Factory near the Finnish border

We expect from you the same victories in the Petrozavodsk sector

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Finland has resolved to wage war side by side with Germany against the Soviet Union until the threat to which Finland is exposed from the Soviet Union has been removed

Commemorative Crosses were also granted to the lived in Finland or in Estonia Ingrian Finns and Eastern Karelians, which participated in the battles of the Kinship Wars

July 7, 1930

The Government of the U.S.S.R. begs to inform you that it cannot accept this invitation

Contains short biographical information

It was awarded to participants of the East Karelian Uprising in 1921-1922, as well to those who actively contributed to them

Matti Hämäläinen together with the Vepsian language teacher Fyodor Andreev prepared a Vepsian ABC-book

“It was at this time, at the end of June, when the capture of Petrozavodsk was only a matter of few days, happen a Vidlitsa disaster.”

It was awarded to all participants of the liberation battles in 1919 in Olonets Karelia, as well to those who actively contributed to them

German magazine Signal from August 1, 1941

The question of belonging of the Kexholm County to Sweden solved during the Battle of Ristlahti

Europa Polyglotta, Linguarum Genealogiam exhibens, una cum Literis, Scribendique modis, Omnium Gentium

In the autumn 2002 on the rock near the abandoned Finnish Kumuri village discovered early unknown border inscription

About a few tens kilometers from the old Karelian Repola village, near the closed border crossing point Rajakangas-Kolvasjärvi, situated a boundary stone

In the abandoned old Karelian folklore Miinoa village situated a boundary stone

In July 2016 early unknown border stone number 327 was found in Kolmikanta area

In July 2016 early unknown border stone number 72 was found near the Pogrankondushi village

Photos

Special department of the NKVD of the 15th Army on March 19-20 examined the area of Lemetti (Southern), where the 18th Infantry Division and the 34th Tank Brigade were surrounded by the White Finns

The Finnish people, who for more than 200 years has dreamed of reuniting the Karelian tribe with the Finnish nation and the Finnish state, can also confidently count on the implementation of this her dearest national wish

The winter war of the Finns aroused in us a feeling of admiration mixed with bitterness: admiration because, as a soldierly nation, we have a sympathetic heart for heroism and sacrifice, and bitterness because our concern for the enemy threat in the West and the danger in the East meant that we were no position to help

All textbooks, fiction and periodicals published using a Latin based Vepsian alphabet

When a return trip is made on the same day, combined means of transportation shall be permitted in one direction by vessel, bus or train and on the return trip by bus or train or vessel

The Agreement between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning passenger traffic on the Saimaa Canal and in the territory leased by the Republic of Finland from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and concerning transit traffic to Leningrad of 7 March 1968, including all subsequent amendments and additions thereto since its entry into force, shall cease to be valid as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement

My Government are prepared to come to an understanding with the Government of the USSR. concerning the withdrawal of the defense troops on the Karelian Isthmus, with the exception of the units of frontier-guards and Customs officials, to such a distance from Leningrad that it can no longer be claimed that they threaten the security of that town

In 2007 the new place identification signs was placed in the territory of former Veps national volost

According to 1897 census

Local people call the monument «The Fisheries Enforcement»

1947

Birth certificates of Karelian-Finnish SSR and of Karelian ASSR

Finnish postage stamp

Lutheran parish in Muyezersky was officially registered at March 9, 2000

Combined passenger traffic by vessel and by motor vehicle shall be permitted. Passengers may transfer from one means of transport to another at Leningrad or at the Vyborg transit point

The Agreement shall remain in effect for a period of Fifty years from the date of its entry into force

Inspired by a well-known painting ”The Defense of the Sampo” (1896) by Aksel Gallén that illustrates a passage from the Karelian-Finnish national epic ”Kalevala”

Finnish artist, Karelian landscape painter born in Pitkäranta (Impilahti municipality) in the family of Orthodox Karelian peasant

As a result of the situation thus created, for which the Finnish Government alone is responsible, the Government of the U.S.S.R. can no longer maintain normal relations with Finland and find themselves compelled to recall their political and economic representatives from Finland

About conferring the title of City of Military Glory on Vyborg

In consequence, the Government of the U.S.S.R. are obliged to state that they consider themselves, as from to-day, released from the obligations ensuing from the Treaty of Non-Aggression concluded between the U.S.S.R. and Finland, obligations which are being systematically violated by the Finnish Government

About conferring the title of City of Military Glory on Petrozavodsk

In the north, Finland is fighting, a true nation of heroes, for in her wide spaces she relies on her own strength, her bravery and tenacity

Although there are thus no concrete grounds for withdrawing the troops from the frontier-line, as you propose, my Government is prepared, none the less, to open conversations with a view to the mutual withdrawal of troops to a certain distance from the frontier

In consequence, the Government of the U.S.S.R., while protesting energetically against what has happened, propose that the Finnish Government should, without delay, withdraw their troops on the Carelian Isthmus from the frontier to a distance of 20-25 kilometres, and thus preclude all possibility of a repetition of provocative acts

Death to the German-Finnish invaders!

These nations must therefore decide now whether they intend to persist in their present hopeless and calamitous policy of opposing the inevitable Allied victory, while there is yet time for them to contribute to that victory

The cession of these territories, which from the remotest times have been inhabited by a Finnish population, would have meant the renunciation of the principles of nationality recognized by the founders of the U.S.S.R. Nevertheless, the Government of Finland were ready to make this heavy sacrifice, in order to meet the demands of her great neighbor

Photos

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The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR decided to recognize the People's Government of Finland and to establish diplomatic relations between USSR and the Finnish Democratic Republic

By agreement with the representatives of a number of Left-wing parties and with Finnish soldiers who had rebelled, a new government of Finland was formed at Terijoki today

On the Political and Juridical Appraisal of the Soviet-German Non-Aggression Treaty of 1939

The Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg

Military Topographic Department of the General Staff of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army

Maps of cities of the Grand Duchy of Finland, 1837-1843

1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 rubles

Cartographic institution of A.Ilyin, 1918

Karelian-Finnish SSR existed as a part of the USSR from March 31, 1940 to July 16, 1956

1956

Passenger guide. Maps of railway routes, 1967

Ministry of the Means of Communication of USSR, 1952

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of Ministers of USSR, 1976

Ministry of Transport Construction of the USSR, 1962

Central administration for geodesy and cartography of the Council of Ministers of USSR, 1982

Veps National Volost was established on January 20, 1994

Vepsian national flag was designed by painter Vitaly Dobrynin at 1992

The first mention of the Coat of Arms of Ingria was in the Swedish Laurentius Petri's chronicle in 1581

The pocket atlas of the USSR, 3rd edition

Ingrian flag is the national flag of Ingrian finns

Kolsky, Kemsky and Onezhsky Uyezds

Political map of the USSR, west of the RSFSR, European north-west of the RSFSR and Karelian-Finnish SSR

Political-administrative divisions of the USSR, Karelian-Finnish SSR, European part of the RSFSR, ethnic groups of the USSR

Arkhangelsk eparchy

Autonomous Karelian SSR. 1928

Leningrad District and Karelian ASSR. Western Europe. 1930

State cartography and geodesy publishing House of the Institute of geodesy and crtography. Leningrad. 1930

Additional protocol to the Agreement between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning the lease to the Republic of Finland of the part of Saimaa canal belonging to the Soviet Union and Maly Vysotsky Island, signed at Moscow, on 27 September 1962

Having been christened, a Korela or Lop' (together with a new religion and a Russian name) took the whole complexion of a Russian «peasant»

Once had been ousted by the Novgorodians and converted to Christianity 600 years ago, the Karelians moved over to the more remote places of the region, leaving the best areas to the Russians

The Karelian epics and household poetry have been almost completely disappeared, so the Karelians don’t sing any household songs except for the Russian ones

Although, due to the geographical position of the area, Karelians have been come in contact with the Slavs much more often than, for example, with the Swedes, and even from ancient times they were in touch with Novgorod, however, in Karelia much remains of the antiquity in the form of ancient songs and legends

Sortavala is left far behind…

Your planned number of deportees in the first line – 3547 families – is approved

In two-day period withdraw from all units and departments of the army all Germans, Estonians, Letts, Finns, Lithuanians…

There are a plenty of Korela people, especially women and children, who can not even understand and speak Russian

As a compunction for the assistance Mannerheim requires the following…

Report by representative of the Supreme Commander of the Leningrad front to Chairman of the State Defense Committee on the operational situation and troop activities

Saint Petersburg, 1856

House was designed by the famous Finnish architect Lars Sonck in Finnish National Romanticism style in 1915

On 4 March 1978 a Soviet Air Defence Forces Ilyushin Il-14 crashed near Petrozavodsk

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United with their Finnish comrades, the fighters of the victory of Narvik are standing in the Northern Arctic. German divisions commanded by the conqueror of Norway, in coöperation with the heroes of Finnish freedom, under their marshal, are protecting Finnish soil

The terms of the peace treaty with Finland will be drafted by the Foreign Ministers of the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom

The People’s Government of Finland will turn to Government of Soviet Union in order to recommend concluding the Pact of Mutual Assistance between Finland and the Soviet Union, and to comply with the age-old national hope of the Finnish people for reuniting the Karelian people with it in a single independent State of Finland

Finland and the Aaland Islands will immediately be cleared of Russian troops and the Russian Red Guard, and the Finnish ports of the Russian fleet and of the Russian naval forces

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Conquering Finland will not be a parade march, but will at every step extract a heavy toll from the invader

Our peace loving people, which for more than a year have strained to utmost to once again rebuild their country to flourish in the aftermath of the previous war, has once again been made the target of vicious attack

Gentlemen, fulfill your duty! People of Finland will fulfill that of their own towards the civilized world and will fulfill it with the most precious they have, their own blood

On 20 June 2011 a Rusair airline Tupolev Tu-134A-3 crashed onto the highway Petrozavodsk–Suojärvi

Lutheran parish in Segezha was officially registered in 1994

Harlu lutheran parish was formed in 2008 as a result of detachment from Pitkäranta parish

A zone shall be established on both sides of and along the territorial frontier between the two States, from the Lake of Ladoga as far as the Arctic Ocean; within the confines of this zone the two Contracting Parties undertake to apply the provisions of the present Convention in order to ensure the inviolability of the frontier

In order to avoid any doubts or misunderstandings with regard to some of the provisions laid down in the Convention between Russia and Finland concerning the measures to be taken to ensure the inviolability of the frontier…

We cannot bring ourselves to believe that the civilized Western world will not find some means which are more powerful than its invaluable sympathy

I would request reply by the same means as this question has been made. Should the answer not arrive, or should it be negative, the entire world, which is already watching various acts of the Soviet Union with amazement, shall know the value placed by the Soviet Union on its principles and promises

Within those areas, of which the Defence Forces of Finland has assumed possession, it is absolutely necessary for the general population to follow regulations as issued by the military personnel

We transmit the succession to Our brother, the Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, and give Him Our blessing to mount the Throne of the Russian Empire

I request all citizens of Russia to obey the Provisional Government until, within as short a time as possible, the Constituent Assembly, elected on a basis of universal, equal, and secret suffrage, shall express the will of the nation regarding the form of government to be adopted

Surely your troops have advanced far enough for security during the war and could now halt and give leave

I am sure you will realize that it is impossible for me to halt the military operations at present being carried out before the troops have reached the positions which in my opinion will provide us with the necessary security

Those who do not follow this order will be considered enemies of the Karelian working people and make them responsible for the suffering of Karelia and of the destruction of its economy

The 379th infantry regiment Commander's Report to the Olonets Gubernia Military Commissariat on the subversive act on the Onda River

Stalin’s Directives to Molotov Prior to the Visit to Berlin

Run faster and more efficiently

Executive Order On Approving the List of Border Areas in which Foreign Nationals, Stateless Persons and Foreign Entities are not Allowed to Own Land Plots

The Battle of Hiekka took place on August 9, 1808, during the Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809

Stalin, whose name will always be the symbol of friendship and brotherhood of the peoples of the Soviet Union and of Finland, as well as of all the peoples of the world

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By this act, we solemnly affirm to the Finnish people, on the basis of its Constitution, the steadfast preservation of their internal independence and their rights to their national culture and languages

Moscow, The Kremlin. June 22, 1941

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There were also enemy air raids and artillery shelling from Rumanian and Finnish territory

Khrushchev was the first Soviet leader which visited the Petrozavodsk

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Today and in all recent days creative work is in full swing in Pitkäranta. Dirt and litter are being cleaned away from workshops of sulfate cellulose plant and streets of the town

By a Decision of Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 4, 1978 Petrozavodsk was decorated with the Red Banner of Labour Order

The motto ”Workers of All Countries, Unite!” was represented in 16 languages of Soviet Republics

The century-old desire for freedom waits for to come true now; the Finnish people is stepping foreward as a free nation among the others in the world

Video

In March 1940, as result of the Winter War, the all territory of Ruskeala became Soviet

Lutheran parish in Ruskeala was resumed in 1990

Video

We go into Finland not as combatants, but as friends and liberators, freeing the Finnish people from the clutches of the landowners and capitalists. We are not against the Finnish people but against the Cajander-Erkko government, clutching the Finnish people and provoking war against the USSR

Finland undertakes to demilitarize the Åland Islands, not to fortify them and not to make them available to the armed forces of any other State

The Republic of Finland cedes to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics territory comprising an area of one hundred and seventy-six square kilometres in the region of the Janiskoski hydroelectric power station and Niskakoski control dam on the Paatsjoki river, including the buildings and installations situated in this territory, with the result that this territory shall become part of the State territory of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and that the existing frontier between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of Finland shall be changed in this region

We Don't Want to Fight, But We'll Defend the Soviets! Be on Guard!

The Government of the Republic of Finland and the Government of the Russian Federation shall ensure the protection and indefinite right to preservation of, respectively, Russian (Soviet) war cemeteries and graves and memorials in Finland and Finnish war cemeteries and graves and memorials in the Russian Federation. The Contracting Parties shall also undertake to ensure that relatives of the fallen servicemen are able to visit such cemeteries and graves

The Contracting Parties shall develop and expand coöperation in the Murmansk region, the Republic of Karelia, St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region in order to promote the stable development of these regions, taking into account the interests of both Contracting Parties

The Parties undertake to maintain the border between them as a border of good-neighbourliness and coöperation in accordance with the Final Act of CSCE, respecting its inviolability and each other's territorial integrity

Soviet postage stamp

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Kivatch Waterfalls is located on the Suna River, about 60 kilometres from Petrozavodsk

1956

1979. The map of USSR

From the date upon which this Treaty shall come into force, a state of war shall cease to exist between the Contracting Powers, and the two Powers shall mutually undertake to maintain, for the future, an attitude of peace and goodwill towards one another

Voenizdat of People's Commissariat of Defense. 1945

1940. Map of USSR

Map of USSR

We, Alexander the First, D.G. Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth, Grand Duke of Finland, and so forth, and so forth, and so forth, do make known: That, Providence having placed Us in possession of the Grand Duchy of Finland…

After having assembled the estates of Finland at a general diet and accepted their oath of allegiance, we desired on this occasion to confirm and ensure by a solemn act, prepared in their presence and proclaimed in our Lord's sanctuary, the preservation of their christian religion and fundamental laws, together with the liberties and rights enjoyed by each estate separately and by all inhabitants of Finland conjointly

The oldest remained image of the coat of arms of Karelia is situated in a series of colour drawings of coats of arms of Swedish provinces in 1562, contained in the Manuscript Collections of Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris

It follows from these findings that the Soviet Government has violated, not only its special political agreements with Finland, but also Article 12 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Pact of Paris

Sputnik Agitatora magazine, N2, 1940

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No political, military, economic or other considerations may serve as an excuse or justification for the aggression

According to the decision of the Senate from January, 28th has been entrusted to me the honor operate as the commander-in-chief of locally Defence Guards of Finland

The people of Finland, who have always honestly endeavoured to build up their future in mutual understanding with all other nations and on the foundation of peaceful labour, are being ruthlessly attacked by their eastern neighbour without the slightest cause on the part of Finland

Inflamed by a few unscrupulous individuals, some Finnish citizens, supported by foreign bayonets, have risen in rebellion against the Diet and Government of Finland, and by violence prevented it from carrying out its functions, thus endangering the new-found freedom of our country

The present Convention shall constitute an integral part of the Pact of Non-Aggression and Pacific Settlement of Disputes concluded on January 21st, 1932, between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Finland

To the Urals, behind it, are Russians running you hear agile splash of their shoes

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In this hour of hard decisions I am impelled to inform you that I have arrived at the conviction that the salvation of my nation makes it my duty to find a means of ending the war

The USSR, with which Finland has maintained good-neighborly relations since the signing of the peace treaty in Tartu in 1920, and with which Finland has signed a non-aggression pact, the validity of which expires only in 1945, suddenly on the morning of Nov. 30 of this year, attacked not only frontier positions, but also open Finnish cities, spreading death and devastation among the civilian population, particularly by attacks from the air

Whereas, by the aggression which it has committed against Finland, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has failed to observe not only its special agreements with Finland but also Article 12 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and the Pact of Paris; And whereas, immediately before committing that aggression, it denounced, without legal justification, the Treaty of Non-Aggression which it had concluded with Finland in 1932, and which was to remain in force until the end of 1945…

The Soviet Union is not in a state of war with Finland and does not threaten the people of Finland with war

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics has placed itself outside the League of Nations

The Treaty of Friendship, Coöperation and Mutual Assistance between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 6 April 1948, extended in accordance with the Protocols between the Republic of Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics of 19 September 1955 and 20 July 1970, 6 shall remain in force for a period of 20 years from the date of the entry into force of this Protocol

The Treaty of friendship, coöperation and mutual assistance of 6 April 1948 between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of Finland shall remain in force for a period of 20 years from the date of the entry into force of this Protocol

The provisions of article 8 concerning the term of the Treaty of Friendship, Coöperation and Mutual Assistance between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of Finland signed at Moscow on 6 April 1948 shall be amended, and this Treaty shall remain in force for twenty years from the date of the entry into force of the present Protocol

Basing on intra-departmental procedures of manpower assigning in 3 month period minister of sovkhoz and minister of timber and paper industry of the KFSSR have to re-allocate already allocated Ingermanlands from frontier regions to inner ones

Notwithstanding the provisions concerning the time-limit and methods of expiry of the Treaty regarding non-aggression and the pacific settlement of disputes, concluded at Helsinki on January 21st, 1932, between Finland and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which provisions appear in Article 8 of the said Treaty, that Treaty shall remain in force until December 31st, 1945

The High Contracting Parties mutually guarantee the inviolability of the existing frontiers between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Republic of Finland, as fixed by the Treaty of Peace concluded at Dorpat on October 14th, 1920, which shall remain the firm foundation of their relations, and reciprocally undertake to refrain from any act of aggression directed against each other

What was the meaning of the war that took place in Finland during the past three-odd months?

1930

In the event of a territorial and political rearrangement in the areas belonging to the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)…

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics renounces in favour of the Republic of Finland all rights to the use and administration of the territories and waters which the Republic of Finland first leased to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics under article 8 of the Armistice Agreement signed at Moscow on 19 September 1944

The USSR railways shall allow through goods trains of the Finnish railways to use its trackage along the route USSR State frontier-Syväoro-Vartsilä-USSR State frontier

The hostile foreign press asserts that the measures being taken by us are aimed at the seizure or annexation to the USSR. This is malicious slander

Also His Emperor Majesty is pleased to announce that to compensate Finland those following territories would be joined to Finland in due time – sea front territories of Arctic Ocean on the west from Jacob-Elf River at Stolboa Gulf (the issue about that river's water withdrawal to Lapp lands is already raised) or after the proper apportionment and estimation the Sankt-Petersburg gubernia's not used lands locating at the frontiers

The inhabitants of conquered Finland are to be numbered from this time forth amongst the peoples under the sceptre of Russia and with them shall make up the Empire; only the will and resolve of the Almighty can separate them from this great whole

With annexation of New Finland to Russian Empire and supposing that differences between Old and New Finland in naming as well as in governing are unnecessarily and not suitable for this province…

Voenizdat of People's Commissariat of Defense. 1943

Photos by Timo Raikkerus

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Lutheran parish in Kemi was formed in 1992

Alexander Talanov. 1956

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I swear in the name of the Finnish peasant army, whose commander-in-chief I have the honour to be, that I will not sheath my sword before law and order reigns in the land, before all fortresses are in our hands, before the last soldier of Lenin is driven not only from Finland, but from White Sea Karelia as well

We concentrate right now a considerable amount of our best forces in Petrograd region and they will amount in number up to about three divisions and we promptly attack Vyborg and Kexholm in order to, after we fortify ourselves on the very advantageous defense line on Vuoksa Lake and on other lakes as well we would secure Petrograd. At the same time it would really endanger Vyborg itself as well as connection between this city and Serdobol

Some temporary success the imperialists had in Finland

Article by Igor Sergeev

Article by Igor Sergeev

Almost from the very coast of the Ladoga Lake the bigger part of the inland area along the border of the Olonets gubernia represents the mixture of the hills covered with the forests and the swamps, full of rocks and lakes

In response to the proposal of the Finnish Government concerning the recognition of the independence of the Republic of Finland, the Council of People's Commissars, in full accordance with the principle of the nations right to self-determination, has decided…

The effect of the Peace Treaty between the Soviet Union and Finland, concluded in Moscow on the 12th of March, 1940, is restored subject to the changes which follow from the present Agreement

The Vyborg gubernia forms the south-east part of Finland…

Great number of Korels live in the Olonets Gubernia; ages ago there were much more of them here, so the whole region was called Karelia

They say that Peter the Great called these people "flying on wooden wings and living on the wood bark"

Despite, however, the strong pressure of Russian clericalism and chauvinism, Karelians did not lose their national appearance and national features and did not disappear from face of the earth, as this happened to other Finnish tribes

There were numerous attacks on the Finnish side, but all these did not surpassed minor frontier engagements

The Finns giving up their territory to the Slavs went far to the North and North-West, and called their newly-formed country – Finland. However, some Finns stayed at their places and mingled with the Russian tribes…

1895

Marietta Shaginyan. June 1948

As you should know, two of the three countries bordering the USSR and having fought against the USSR on the German side, namely Hungary and Romania, had already signed with the USSR the pacts on mutual assistance against possible German aggression

Karelian, korelian are Russified Finnish tribes living in the Northwest Russian Gubernias

In the eventuality of Finland, or the Soviet Union through Finnish territory, becoming the object of an armed attack by Germany or any state allied with the latter, Finland will, true to its obligations as an independent state, fight to repel the attack

The frontiers of Finland shall be those which existed on 1 January 1941

Republic of Karelia

Vepsa

At about 6 miles from the town of Petrozavodsk on the right shore of the strait connecting the Onego lake with the Logmozero lake on the huge wild rock there rises a nice stone church, build by the merchant Kononov in 1781

Lutheran parish of the village was formed in 1994

Evacuation of the population from this territory was started by the army special detachment in February 5th 1940 beginning with the Hautavaara village and followed as described below

Lutheran churches in Karelia

Olonets parish of Ingria Evangelistic-lutheran Church was officially registered in December, 1993, after USSR dissolution

Kondopoga parish of Estonia Evangelistic-lutheran Church was officially registered in 1990

Terveh Petroskoi, 2006

Along with the English-French threat of war, there is also a real threat to the region of the Medveshja Gora1 from direction of Finland

The ultimate target is to achieve Lake Saimaa, with establishing the line Sulkava – Nyslott – Serdobol

I am starting the execution of my duties in the moment when our centuries-old enemy has attacked our country again

To oblige the NKVD of the USSR to establish the frontier guard on the new state border between the USSR and Finland

Natalia Petrovna Grot

Peace has been concluded between our country and the Soviet Union, an exacting peace which has ceded to Soviet Russia nearly every battlefield on which you have shed your blood on behalf of everything we hold dear and sacred

The Council of the Peoples Commissars of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic and the Council of the Peoples Representatives of the Finnish Socialist Workers Republic, with the aim of strengthening the friendship and brotherhood between the two aforesaid free Republics, have concluded this treaty

On July 24, 1941 at 8 p.m. the Colonel Bondarev, Commander of 168-th Infantry Division has declared the immediate evacuation for City of Sortavala

From the President of the Republic I have received the following letter…

Ivan Tvardovsky. 1996

The state frontier between the Republic of Finland and the USSR shall run along a new line in such fashion that there shall be included in the territory of the USSR the entire Karelian Isthmus with the city of Viipuri and Viipuri Bay with its islands, the western and northern shores of Lake Ladoga with the cities of Kexholm and Sortavala and the town of Suojärvi, a number of islands in the Gulf of Finland, the area east of Märkäjärvi with the town of Kuolajärvi, and part of the Rybachi and Sredni peninsulas

Sanitary conditions in the near-border region

Sattuma is a folk music quartet from Petrozavodsk in Russian Karelia

The boundary stone in Pogrankondushi village

Orders of Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim

Settlements, industry, commerce

Happily singing Ivan went to war but after come into the Mannerheim Line, the tune changing into more sadly, as we will hear now…

Our troops took back the Rahmansaari Island in the Ladoga Lake

Yesterday, in June 10th, the troops of the Leningrad Front started the offence on the Karelian Isthmus to the north of Leningrad. With the help of mass strikes of artillery and aviation they have broken through the heavily fortified and deep permanent defence structures of the enemy and during the two days of offence battles moved ahead for 24 kilometres in the 40 kilometres-wide breach

Far away a maiden blossomed lLike an exotic dark-hued flower she was famous for her beauty that pearl of Olonets

The following documents are the legal agreement between you and Andrew Heninen

As the sign of friendship and deep trust of the Soviet Union towards the Finnish Democratic Republic, coming to meet the age-old dream of the Finnish nation about reunification of the Karelian peoples with the Finnish nation in the common independent Finnish state the Soviet Union agrees to hand over to the Finnish Democratic Republic the regions of the Soviet Karelia that are mainly populated by Karelians – 70 000 square kilometres in total – to be included into the national territory of the Finnish Democratic Republic and with setting the border line between the USSR and the Finnish Democratic Republic

Pitkäranta – Sortavala. Road notes. April 1940

We're not seeking war, but'll defend ourselves not in vain we had build the defence on the enemy land we will beat him to ground by the powerful blow and small blood

We would not take the palm of land of others but would not let to take the inch from us

For the first time the dirigible appears in the Petrozavodsk sky in July 26th 1931, when German LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin went over the capital of the Karelian ASSR on his way to the North during it's well-known Arctic expedition

The Soviet Karelia is feed by the Red Army from the white gangs which were organised by the Finnish officers on the money of Finnish and other foreign bourgeoisie

For the first time after the conquest of Finland the higher representative of the Russian Empire visited the far, not widely known, might be said – forgotten, Karelian land

Riekkalansaari Island

During the The War of Independence in 1918 I stated to the Karelians of Finnish Karelia as well as to those of White Sea Karelia that I shall not give up fighting as long as Finland and Eastern Karelia would not be free

Icebreaker Aallokas was built in Sortavala at Sortavalan Telakka ja Konepaja Oy shipyard in 1936

They stepped from victory to victory and bet like a violent wind, till the intact and wonderful land was left here

The view of the Äänislinna¹ has seriously changed since last year

The inscription and the Pommee Cross were cut on the shore rock near the crossing to the Riekkalansaari Island in 1898

Finnish lake submarine Saukko was specially created for the operations on the Ladoga Lake

Among other things the Finnisation policy meant creating in the AKSSR special national military unit

The set of water-colours with the views of Solomennoye were created in 1933-34 during one of the frequent visits of the artist to Karelia

1874

Roads and connections

Olonets Gubernia 1903 memo book

Topography of the border and natural phenomeni

Geographic description of the border

Vuottovaara is the highest point on the West Karelian Hills (417.3 metres above sea-level) and is situated approximately at a distance of 30 km from Himola village and approximately in 20 km from Sukkajärvi village, to the east of the road connecting them

The Task of the Ladoga War Flotilla

Attempts of the Finnish Flotilla to land their diversionary forces on the Ladoga Lake, surface ship and submarine attacks on our lake communications and battle ships are possible

The Ladoga War Flotilla was established hastily and during the war actions had several accidents. The main reasons for the accidents were the commanders` ignorance of the theatre of operations, their poor navigation training, absence of wartime navigation means and devices

The notes on foundation of Olonets and explanation of the origin of different Karelian words and names of remarkable places

In July 1997 in the Sandarmoh woods near the town of Medvezhjegorsk (the 16th km of the Povenets road) the Memorial society expedition headed by Juri Dmitriev found the secret burials of the victims of the mass political repressions of 1937-1938

One of the clandestine NKVD burials (approximately 350x150 metres in area) is situated in the Krasny Bor wood, 19th km of the Petrozavodsk-Voznesenye road (4 km before Derevyannoe village)

On the Ladoha Lake near Pogranichnye Kondushi village of Olonets Uesd nearby the shore line some 10 sazhens from a small granite cape there is a very remarkable red granite stone, laying by itself in the water and called Varashev's Stone

1901

Suojärvi

Petrozavodsk 1941 – 1944

Vocal Group MANOK. 1960 – 1990

In March 13th 1959 Kit, loaded with nuclear waists was shallowed nearby Heinäsenmaa Island

The first Soviet military decoration

The Military-Historical Festivals Karelian Borders

The border between the Autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland and Olonets Gubernia

We are coming to help you to punish, to return back your disgrace manyfolded. Meet us Soumi-beauty decorated with transparent lakes

In August 9th 2002 the workers of the Karelian State Regional Studies Museum visited the Kochkonavolok peninsula where a big number of ancient petrogliphs were known

Santtu Karhu & Talvisovat

A.Andreev "The Ladoga Lake" (abstracts from the book)

The Winter War Monument will be a field clad with natural stones erected in the memory of every soldier died in the battles around Suomussalmi

The first Lutheran church in Petrozavodskaya Sloboda was built in the beginning of XVIII century to serve religious needs of foreign experts that came to build iron mills

In the late autumn 1941 Jussi Rainio was sent to the occupied by Finnish troops Sheltozersky region of Eastern Karelia as an educational officer

First written document that mention ”the village on Valakila” (Alakylä) belongs to the end of XV-th century

1910

1897

"Our aviation successfully attacked military objects of the enemy."

The church of St.Nicolas The Wonder-worker in Rantue is situated on the high cape on the western shore of Riekkalansaari Island, about two kilometers from the center of Sortavala town

The ice-breaking tug Aunus was built in Turku shipyard Wm. Crichton & Co Ab in 1900

In 1924 a plywood factory was build and the villages Sieklahti and Lahdenpohja were taken off Jakkima township to create a new Lahdenpohja township

According to Stolbov 1617 Peace Treaty Swedish and Russian border setting ambassadors met in 25th of October on the shore of Ladoga Lake to proceed border marking between Solomenny pogost (circuit) of Korela uezd (district) and Olonets pogost of Novgorod uezd

A cast-iron cross, memorizing the victims of the Soviet-Finnish Winter War (1939-1940) was erected several kilometers off Pitkäranta at the road fork to Petrozavodsk and Suojärvi in July 27-th 2000

The oldest and biggest Mesolithic burying grounds in the Northern Europe was found on the Southern Oleny Island, some 7 kilometers south-east from well-known Kizhi Island

First mentions of Suistamo are met in XVI century. At that time the territory was a part of Sortavala circuit

Lutheran church in Kuikkaniemi village was consecrated in 1892

Massive copper city gates of Sigtuna were delivered to Novgorod as present or kind of tribute and are still decorating the Western entrance of Veliky Novgorod Saint Sophia Cathedral

Up to now one can see ancient Veps tumuli raising up to three meters and around 12 meters in diameter along Oyat' River

First people arrived to Paanajärvi region in 5-6 millenium BC

Collection

For the first time Pitkäranta (Long Beach in translation from Finnish) was mentioned in tax census book of Great Novgorod Veps region for the years 1499-1500

Russian only

The cult of the seidas (sacred stones) existed on the whole vast area inhabited by Saami tribes

Article by M.Ju.Dankov

Embroidery has a centuries-old history in traditions of Karelian and Veps people

Article from Carelia magazine

Just after the Finnish army reached the shores of Lake Ladoga, the rebuilding of the Ladoga Navy started

A Finnish fighter plane, Brewster 239 Buffalo, (hull No BW-372) was found at August 1998 in Big Kolejärvi Lake, about 50 kilometers from the town of Segezha

In 1997 in the historical centre of Petrozavodsk, The City Park, founded by Peter the Great, archaeologists found the station of ancient people dated back to 5-th millennium BC

Photos

The earliest written mention about Värtsilä can be found in 1499-1500 tax census book

Karelian birch is a tree with presented by nature amazing pattern of wood that looks like marble

For achievements in construction of communism and for friendship between peoples KASSR was awarded an Order of Lenin, an Order of October Revolution and an Order of Friendship between Peoples

In 1957 while being excavations the birch-bark document on Karelian was discovered in Novgorod

Solomennoye (altered for Salmennoye from the Karelian "salmi" – "strait") is situated on banks of the strait connected the Onego lake bay along Petrozavodsk to the Logmozero lake

The stone labyrinths – complex spirals from crude stones – are on the Baltic, the Barents and the White Sea's coasts. They are on Karelia territory too

The official document of town foundation dates back to 1646

The earliest known us maps of the Europe with drawn name Carelia were composed by Swedish Catholic bishop Olaus Magnus in XVI century

1918 – 1993

1562 – 1993

The breed was formed in wood-zone of Karelia by crossing local Karelian Eskimo dog with Finnish Bird's Eskimo dog and has the smallest size among the all breeds of hound Eskimo dog

There are Karelian figures on crags (petroglifs) – unique stone monuments of New Stone Age (IV-II B.C.) – on the western coast of Onego Lake and in the lower reaches of Vyg river (just before it falls in the White Sea)

Before The II World War this unique islet of nature had a reputation for Finnish Switzerland